Pigeonpea T2T Genome: India’s First Complete Reference

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Quick Facts

What is Pigeonpea T2T Genome?

Pigeonpea T2T Genome is India’s first fully annotated telomere-to-telomere (T2T) reference genome of the pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) variety ‘Asha’. Pigeonpea, popularly known as Arhar or Tur, is one of India’s most important pulse crops and a major source of dietary protein.

In 2011, the ICAR–National Institute for Plant Biotechnology published the world’s first draft genome of pigeonpea variety ‘Asha’, which was also the first crop genome sequenced entirely in India. The latest achievement completes the genome from one chromosome end to the other, providing the most comprehensive genetic blueprint of the crop.

Why is Pigeonpea T2T Genome in News?

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has developed India’s first fully annotated Pigeonpea T2T Genome, representing a major advancement in crop genomics and plant breeding.

The breakthrough is expected to accelerate the development of climate-resilient, high-yielding and nutritionally enriched pigeonpea varieties. More information is available through the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

Key Features

• Complete Genome: The T2T sequence spans from one telomere to the other with high accuracy, continuity and integrity.
• Climate-resilient Breeding: Enables faster development of varieties tolerant to climatic stresses.
• Higher Productivity: Supports breeding programmes for improved yield and nutritional quality.
• Food Security: Strengthens India’s efforts to improve pulse production and protein availability.
• Research Advancement: Provides scientists with a comprehensive genomic resource for crop improvement.

Understanding Telomeres and T2T Genome

• Chromosome Protection: Telomeres safeguard chromosome ends from degradation and fusion.
• Cell Division: Progressive shortening occurs during successive cell divisions.
• T2T Genome: A telomere-to-telomere genome represents a complete chromosome sequence without gaps.
• High Accuracy: T2T sequencing provides exceptional continuity and precision for genomic research.

Way Forward

The Pigeonpea T2T Genome will strengthen India’s crop improvement programmes by enabling precision breeding, faster identification of useful genes and the development of superior pigeonpea varieties. Integration of advanced genomics with conventional breeding can improve productivity and farmer incomes.

Continued investment in agricultural biotechnology, genomic research and climate-resilient crop development will enhance India’s food and nutritional security. Additional information is available through the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare.