
Offline UPI could extend India’s digital payment ecosystem to situations where reliable mobile data or Wi-Fi is unavailable by enabling local, contactless transactions through Near Field Communication.

Polymer Banknotes return to focus as RBI explores durable currency-note material. Learn their benefits, challenges and UPSC relevance now.

Digital Markets Act is in focus after the EU fined Google over search and Android practices. Learn antitrust, gatekeepers and India’s framework.

INS Malvan, the second Mahe-class anti-submarine warfare shallow water craft, has been commissioned into the Indian Navy, enhancing littoral ASW capabilities and reflecting India’s focus on defence indigenisation.

Samudra Pradakshina is India’s first Tri-service all-women circumnavigation expedition. Study its route, achievements and UPSC relevance now.

Understand Antimicrobial Resistance, India’s overuse of Watch antibiotics, WHO AWaRe classification and UPSC relevance. Read the complete analysis.
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