Paris Agreement

Paris Agreement

• Recently, World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released its State of the Global Climate 2022 report which pointed out that the Paris Agreement on Climate Change has been ineffective in fulfilling its agenda.
• It is a legally binding global agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that was adopted in 2015. It was adopted in UNFCCC COP21.
• It aims to combat climate change and limit global warming to well below 2o C above pre-industrial levels, with an ambition to limit warming to 1.5oC.
• It replaced the Kyoto Protocol which was an earlier agreement to deal with climate change.

Findings of the Report?

• Global mean temperature in 2022 was 1.15 °C above the 1850-1900 average.
• the years 2015 to 2022 were the eight warmest in the instrumental record back to 1850.
• Concentrations of the three main GHG, Carbon dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous oxide, reached record highs in 2021.
• Global mean sea level (GMSL) continued to rise in 2022, reaching a new record high for the satellite altimeter record.

Why Paris Agreement Failed ?

• After signing of the Agreement, the last eight years (2015-2022) have consecutively been the warmest years on record globally.
• The situation could have been far worse if the La Nina weather event had not occurred in the past three years, which has a cooling effect on the weather system.
• Globally updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to limit global warming to 1.5°C have failed even to achieve 2°C target.

COP 27 of UNFCCC

• The conference took place in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt.
• AWARe (Action on Water Adaptation or Resilience)
  • AWARe was launched by Egypt’s COP27 Presidency, in partnership with World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
  • It is an initiative that will champion inclusive cooperation to address water related challenges and solutions across climate change adaptation.
• Global Shield Plan
  • The Global Shield (GS) is a funding mechanism that provides funding to countries suffering climate disasters.
  • Coordinators – The Group of 7 (G7) and the V20 group of climate-vulnerable countries.
• Global Offshore Wind Alliance (GOWA)
  • Initiated by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Denmark and the Global Wind Energy Council
  • It will bring together governments, the private sector, international organisations and other stakeholders to accelerate the deployment of offshore wind power.

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