Treaty on High Seas

Treaty on High Seas

• It is an intergovernmental agreement on conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction.

• Exclusive Economic Zone  — area of the ocean, generally extending 200 nautical miles (230 miles) beyond a nation’s territorial sea, within which a coastal nation has jurisdiction over both living and nonliving resources
• Territorial Sea :- is a belt of coastal waters that extends from the baseline to 12 nautical miles. It is a sovereign territory of the state.  sovereignty and jurisdiction over the territorial sea. 
• Internal Waters:Waters on the landward side of the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
  • State has  full sovereignty over its internal waters as like its land territory.
  • There is no right of innocent passage through internal waters.
• Contiguous Zone:
• The contiguous zone extends seaward up to 24 nm from its baselines. 
  • It is an intermediary zone between the territorial sea and the high seas
  • Unlike the territorial sea, the contiguous zone only gives jurisdiction to a state on the ocean’s surface and floor. It does not provide air and space rights. 

Practice Questions for Prelims

Which of the following is correct about Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of a state?
a) It is a sea zone prescribed by the UNECOSOC
b) It does not come within territorial waters of the state.
c) A state cannot use EEZs to install any energy installations.
d) Use of marine resources from EEZ is not permitted unless agreed to by neighbouring states.

Ans. b)

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